Class -X (Writing Skills) Analytical Paragraph
Class X
Analytical Paragraph (Notes)
An analytical paragraph is a form of descriptive writing which is written on the basis of a given chart, graph, data, outline, clues, table etc. It requires analysis and comparison of the given facts and drawing conclusion based on the given data. When writing an analytical paragraph, one should remember to describe the facts in the best possible manner and cover the information provided. The paragraph must use clear and crisp language along with providing complete details of the data provided in the question.
Features of an Analytical Paragraph:
• It describes the given chart, table, data, graph, cues etc.
• It should be brief and comprehensive but at the same time, include complete information.
• It should state the facts that are provided.
• It should have simple and accurate language.
• It should mention figures and quantities appropriately.
• It should use the same tense throughout, as far as possible.
• It should not provide any personal observation or response.
• It should preferably use the passive form of the verb.
TYPES OF ANALYTICAL
PARAGRAPHS
1. PROBLEM AND SOLUTION BASED
:A problem is presented and learners are expected to suggest some solution based on some logic. They are supposed to support their solution with arguments, reasons and/or data.
2. DATA BASED:
Some data is presented
in the form of a pie-chart, a bar graph, a line graph, a table or a combination of any two of these and learners are expected to analyse the data making comparisons and drawing
conclusions and to summarise it in the form of a paragraph.
3. INFORMATION BASED:
Some
information is presented as an input and students are required to process and
understand that information and then summarise it in a paragraph. Sometimes,
they may also be required to give
their own opinions or draw their own conclusions, too.
4. PROCESS DESCRIPTION BASED:
A flow chart, a
diagram, a visual or an infographic is presented and students have to analyse
the information it presents, usually a process
showing the sequence
or different stages
of action in the
making of something.
5. MAP BASED:
Usually a set of two maps is presented as an input
with significant differences in a piece
of land, a landscape or a building plan showing
some changes, additions, and alterations therein. Students are supposed
to carefully analyse
these changes and summarise them in the form of a paragraph.
6. BEHAVIOUR, FUNCTION, PATTERN OR CYCLE BASED:
A flow chart, a diagram, a visual or an infographic is presented as in a process and students have to
analyse and summarise the information it presents, usually
the behaviour or pattern or structure of an organism
or various traits
of the character or profile
of a professional or the lifecycle of a species etc.
7. SIMILARITIES
AND DIFFERENCES BASED:
A set of two visuals or diagrams or infographics is presented with one showing
marked differences and/or
similarities in comparison with the other. Students are required to notice and
mark those differences and similarities and then summarise them objectively in the form of a paragraph.
8. SUGGESTION OR ADVICE
BASED:
A situation
is presented and students are asked to put forth their suggestions or advice on what the person(s) or organisation(s) involved
in it should do. This type is similar to the problem
and solution based type of analytical paragraphs.
Format of an Analytical Paragraph
Content in 100-120 words
The content of the paragraph must include the following:
• Introduction (explain in one or two lines the context or what is clearly evident from the chart or graph)
• Body of the paragraph (explain in detail the figure and trends, making comparisons and contrasts)
• Conclusion (give the overall view or summary of the chart or graph)
Points to Remember
• We must not include any personal opinions, conclusions or observations but simply stick to the facts.
• We must choose wisely the important information, organize it well, state the correct facts and summarize it properly.
• For introduction, we can start with phrases such as-
The chart given above describes…/The given table suggests…/ The line graph shows…/ The data given provides information about…/ The pie chart illustrates…, etc.
Some Other Useful Expressions for Writing an Analytical Paragraph
To report an increase
- Has
risen/increased/gone up/shot up…
- Has
experienced/seen a rise/an
increase in…
- Has
shown/registered a rise/an
increase…
- Has
reached a maximum/a peak of…
To report a decrease
- Has
fallen/gone down/come down to…
- Has
dropped from......… to .......…
- Has
experienced/registered/shown a fall/a
decrease/a decline in….
- Has hit/touched/reached its lowest/minimum level/point...
To report differences
- Is better than/more than double/half as much/three times
more/less than....
- Not as big as/as much as/as large
as...
- Many times over/more/less...
To
report similarity
- Is the same as/similar to...
- Is/Are comparable with...
- Can be grouped
together/classified together/clubbed with...
- Show(s) similarity/similarities...
- There are striking
similarities between...
To
report comparisons and contrast
- As compared
to…
- In
(sharp) contrast to/with…
- Is
comparable/not comparable with…
- Compares well with...... /Contrasts with…
To report constancy or no change
- Has seen/registered/experienced/shown no change...
- Has remained constant/unchanged/the same...
For Conclusion
- overall....’, ‘subsequently...’, ‘in all....’, ‘in a nutshell’, ‘in short’, ‘therefore’, etc.
• For body of the paragraph, we should organize the information well. We should look for the large differences that are very prominent. We can mention the aspect which is the smallest or the largest in the data given. Any aspect that is similar should be mentioned next. We should further mention about the aspect that has remained unchanged or is constant throughout.
• If the chart or table mentions two different groups, we should refer to both of them in the paragraph. If there is any contrast or comparison that could be drawn, we must present it effectively. If the chart is about a particular time period or highlights trends of several years, we should mention about each year in a concise manner. If any comparison or contrast can be made for two or more years, we should write about that too.
• For describing the pattern of growth, we can use words and phrases like- ‘rapidly doubled’, ‘skyrocketed’, ‘striking increase’, ‘peaked’, ‘soared’, ‘declined’, ‘plummeted’, ‘leveled off’, ‘stagnated’, ‘fluctuating’ , ‘starting to rise’, ‘starting to fall’, ‘drop down’, ‘slightly’, etc.
• Mentioning quantities: When including numbers and figures, the accuracy must be ensured. Quantities can be described in a number of ways, such as percentage, fraction, ratios etc. For describing quantities, we can also use words and phrases like ‘one-third of’, ‘nearly one-fourth of’, ‘majority’, ‘on an average’, ‘twice as much’, ‘almost equal’, ‘the highest’, ‘the lowest’, ‘approximately’, etc.
• For establishing relationship or contrast, we can make use of words and phrases like- ‘similarly’, ‘in contrast with’, ‘ in comparison to’, ‘however’, ‘whereas’, ‘as opposed to’, ‘while’, ‘a striking difference’, ‘a noticeable difference’, etc.
• For conclusion, we may use words and phrases like ‘
SOLVED EXAMPLES:
( Based on Pie Chart)
Ex- Global weather is warming leading to Arctic meltdown. Study the following
pie chart and write a brief paragraph on factors affecting global warming, in
about 100 words.
Global warning is primarily a result of the greenhouse effect caused by too
much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere which acts as a blanket, trapping heat
SOLVED EXAMPLES:
( Based on BAR -GRAPH)
1-Study the chart
given below, which is the result of the survey conducted in the public schools
and government schools of Vadodara. This depicts the types of activities the
teenagers (Age 13- 19 years are involved during their leisure time). Complete
the summary in about 80 words.
Teenagers and leisure time
Now a days the
teenagers are more techno-savvy than the children used to be ten years back.
They do not play games like Ludo, Carrom, Chess and other indoor games. 9-18 %
of boys and girls in the age group of 13-19 years possess their own cell
phones. In the survey conducted recently on some 2000 students of two leading
schools- one government and the other a public school, the following facts were
revealed. While the students from public schools spend more of their leisure
time in net-surfing and talking on cell phones, the government school students
spend it in watching TV and talking to their friends.
( Based on BAR -GRAPH)
2- The following data in the
form of histogram shows that death due to violence has increased considerably
during recent years. Write its interpretation in 100 words on how educated
youth can play a major role in establishing peace in society.
Role of youth in establishing
peace in society
Youth and peace are
interlinked in society. Youth can play an important role in establishing peace
in society. In a survey conducted, it has been found that number of deaths due
to violence has increased enormously since the nineties. Death rate in 1000s
was 2.5 in 1990. But in 2010, it has increased to 7.5. It is really very sad.
It must be checked.
Our youth can play a
major role in controlling this crime graph. They can contribute towards
establishing peace in many ways. They can awaken the people towards the
necessity of peace. They can help the police in catching the criminals. They
can bring the criminals in the main stream by educating them and they can do
much more.
( Based on Line -GRAPH)
Q : 3 Rishi is to write an analytical paragaph on the occasion of celebration of anti-dowry week on the desirability of eliminating this social eviaboul of dowry. Write it on his behalf in t 150–200 words. Using the information given in the graph given below and your own ideas.
Answer
It would not be wrong to say that dowry
is simply a blot on our society. Every year young lives are lost due to
this social evil. Yet this evil is not eliminated. The above graph gives a
picture of these deaths from 2014 to 2021. Maximum marriages were
solemnised in 2017. This year also saw the burning of 800 young brides
which also includes the young women who married some time before it. In 2015,
about 700 married women were forced to commit suicide because of
continuous torture for bringing insufficient dowry. This figure continued
to rise in the years thereafter. 500 remarriages speak much of this social
evil. There is some relief in the fact that the number of deaths fell
onwards from 2018. This may be due to the fact that many social
organisations raised a hue and cry. The Government amended the Act. Social
pressures also helped in containing this evil. There are numerous examples
to show that women have received an equal place with men in our
scriptures. We treat the
( Based on PICTURE or Picture Analysis)
Q : 4 The cartoon below makes fun of the kind of fashions followed by today's youth.Using ideas from this cartoon together with your own ideas, write an analytical paragraph in about 150–200 words on “Changing Fashions”
Answer
In today’s fast moving modern world fashions are changing very fast. However, the fashions show a downward trend in moral values. Looking at them one can safely say that fashions reveal lack of consideration in human thinking. For example, women dresses are very scanty. They leave more parts of the body naked. The young people like to wear such kind of clothes. These make them look like wild animals. Most of them wear a cloth-band round their foreheads and rings in their ear lobes. Equally young girls like to wear very tight dress. This tends to reveal their body frames and contours. This makes them look vulgar and repulsive. Fashions should make one look aesthetically appealing. Clothes like good manners should be appealing and beautiful. But it is not so with our youth. Modern youth copy blindly their favourite heroes and heroines in the film industry. The clothes worn by those in the glitter of cinema have a purpose. It is to cater to the baser elements. But in real life this never is the approach and should never be. In fact, our moral and aesthetic values must get an upper hand over everything. It is the moral duty of the fashion designers to take care of our values while designing fashions. We should not serve the baser instincts through fashions. Youth have a duty not to wear any dress which makes nonsense of everything sensible.
Q : 5 Technology has revolutionised the concept of classroom teaching in the western countries with WiFi campuses, on-line classes, kid-friendly laptops & virtual teachers. Using your own ideas and the information given in the cartoon given below, write an analytical paragraph in about 150–200 words on “ Should Indian classrooms imitate the western trends ?” You are Pritam/Preeti.
 |
| "Settle a bet Mrs Maria are you hardware of software" |
 |
| I couldnt do my homework -our electric sharpener pencil broke down |
Deaths among Three Different
Income Groups due to Different Risks/Causes
|
Risk |
World |
Low and middle income |
High income |
|
Percentage of deaths |
|
|
|
|
Indoor smoke from solid fuels |
3.3 |
3.9 |
0.0 |
|
Unsafe drinking water, insanitation, lack of hygiene |
3.2 |
3.8 |
0.1 |
|
Urban outdoor air pollution |
2.0 |
1.9 |
2.5 |
|
Global climate change |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
|
Lead exposure |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
Answer-
The table shows some statistics related to deaths among low and
middle income groups as well as high income groups due to five
reasons – indoor smoke from solid fuels; unsafe water, insanitation
and lack of hygiene; urban outdoor pollution; global climate change
and lead exposure. As is clear from the data, the high income group
people die of the outdoor pollution more than any other cause. They
account for 2.5% of all deaths which is higher than the world average
of 2.0%. A mere 0.1% people of this group die of drinking unsafe
water, insanitation and/or lack of hygiene. On the other hand, the lower
and middle income group has mortality rate higher than the world
average in all categories except urban outdoor air pollution, where it is
0.1% less than the world average of 2%. This group accounts for 3.9%
and 3.8% deaths due to indoor smoke from solid fuels and unsafe
drinking water, insanitation and lack of hygiene respectively. Global
climate change and lead exposure account for 0.3% death each among
this group. Overall, more people in the lower and middle income group
die of the given causes
Q : 11 Youare Subhash/Mira. Given below is a table based on data given about
the number of tourists who visited your city in the past two years.
You have
been asked to write an analytical paragraph on ‘Promotion of Tourism’. Taking
information from the table given below together with your own ideas, write this
paragraph in about 150–200 words.
|
|
TOURISTS
WHO VISITED |
|
|
|
Year |
Domestic |
International |
|
|
2020 |
444569 |
8563 |
|
|
2021 |
436350 |
11478 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plans of Tourism Department
· To develop a wildlife park.
· Illumination and light-and-sound programme at one of the places of tourist interest in the city.
· To develop a big amusement park.
· Convention centre and a multiplex in the city.
Answer
Promotion of Tourism
There is no doubt that India is
emerging as a tourists’ destination both at national and international levels.
For example, tourists from other countries were 8563 in the year 2020. But this
number went upto 11478 in the year 2021. However, domestic tourists fell by
8219 in these years. This means we have to take steps to increase the numbers
of both the types of the tourists. India’s cultural heritage and unity in
diversity are like magnets for the tourists. However, we must take steps to
attract the tourists. For example, we must remove problems which hinder the flow
of tourists. That’s why, there are plans like developing a wildlife park. One
important place of tourtist interest should be equipped with light, sound and
music system. Then theie is a plan to develop a big amusement park. A
Convention Centre and a multiplex are also going to be added. Besides these, a
few hotels are also coming up. The tourist agencies are being connected via
satellite telephony so that tourists do not face any problems. All the places
of tourist interest are connected by chartered buses. It is hoped that by these
steps, tourist inflow to the country will increase greatly.
( Based on Hints/Notes)
Q : 12 You are the Headboy/Headgirl of your school. You decided to make the school population aware of the advantages of tree plantation and tell them how trees can serve as better air-conditioners. Write an analytical paragraph in about 150–200 words. Take help of the notes given below.
Notes
Trees keep environment cool by:
(a) taking heat of earth and air
(b) absorbing carbon-dioxide that helps in controlling temperature rise
(c) bringing rains
(d) checking direct sunlight
(e) providing shade.
Answer
Trees are really very important for us all. Their advantages are innumerable. For example, they take the heat of the earth and the air to aircondition the environment. Indeed, they have numerous advantages. Precisely speaking, they absorb the dangerous carbon-dioxide from the atmosphere. They help in controlling the temperature rise. Then they bring rains which is 'life' for us all. They take the heat off the earth as well as the atmosphere. They take off the heat of the sunlight and provide us shade. They maintain the ecological balance of the earth and provide us with life-giving oxygen. Seeing their enormous benefits we should plant as many trees as possible. The Chipko Movement and Van Mahotsava Movement are there which highlight the benefits of the trees. We say that our life is simply possible because of the trees. It is sad that we have destroyed much of the flora and fauna for meeting our existential needs. But we must replenish the depleting forests by planting more and more trees at every possible inch of the land. Our life depends on trees. We should educate the people about the benefits of the trees. This way we can cleanse our environment from the environmental pollution. We must take a pledge to plant more and more trees to make the earth a safe place for our lives.
Q : 13 Ritu is to write an analytical paragraph on ‘Smoking is a silent killer of life’. Using your own ideas and the information given below write this paragraph on her behalf in about 150–200 words.
Hint - Smoking a drain on limited income of an average income earner – vital organs get affected – harmful for those not smoking – need of educating people about the danger of smoking
Answer
Smoking
is actually a silent killer of life. It is also a drain on the limited income
of yours. A smoker may say that he feels relieved of worries when he smokes.
But it is his own whim. Smoking does more harm. It doesn’t give any sort of
freedom from anxiety. The nicotine is a poison and is dangerous to various
vital organs like heart, kidney, liver and lungs. It is actually a slow poison
and kills a smoker slowly. They say that smoking a cigarette shortens one’s
life by four minutes. So smoking means shortening one’s life knowingly and
inviting death due to cancer which is very merciless. Smoking also affects the
non-smokers. So a person who smokes is affecting the health of the other
persons who are near him. Smoking causes a deadly disease like cancer. There is
a statutory warning on the cigarette packets that smoking is injurious to
health. But it is of no importance as the smokers feel a bit terrified to read
this. The next moment they forget it and smoke. The government has taken a
right decision now in banning smoking at public places. We all can guide our
smoking youth not to smoke but give it up at once. In taking care of our health
we shall be rendering a greater help to the national cause to ensure good
health to all Indians.
Q : 14 Harish is to write an analytical paragraph on ‘Environmental pollution. Write this paragraph on his behalf in about 150–200 words using your own ideas and the information given below:
Points
Environment—air—water—noise
Sources of pollution—traffic—garbage
Ecological balance—falling of trees—building of
dams—congested localities Suggestion—Plantation—pooling—shifting of factories
and mills
Answer
Environmental Pollution
—Harish
Environmental
pollution is one of the major and serious problems that is being faced by the
developing countries. The ecological balance of the earth is being threatened
by it. Air and water are polluted by the toxic constituents. Noise pollution
has destroyed the calm and serenity of our surroundings. The main sources of
pollution are the increasing vehicular traffic and garbage. The petrol or
diesel being used in the vehicles emits toxic smoke which contains lethal gases
like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide. All those inhaling
these gases contract deadly diseases. These are like bronchitis, asthma and
other breathing problems. The accumulating garbage emits foul smell. It is the
birth place of many contagious diseases. Various leather and chemical
industries pollute both the air and the water by belching out poisonous smoke
and effluents in water courses. The increasing felling of trees, building of
dams and upcoming of congested localities have played havoc with the clean
environment. Human life is in
Q : 15 Given below is a newspaper report on the state of cancer prevailing in India. You have been asked to write an analytical paragraph on ‘Cancer—a silent killer’ Taking information from the clipping given below together with your own ideas, write this paragraph in about 150–200 words.
Hint - In India, cities are more cancer- prone than rural areas. In the early 1990’s, we expected one out of 10-15 urban Indians to get cancer in their life -time, that is every second or third family would have to face this disease. This is partly due to high levels of benzene in the air and also that the metros are exposed to high levels of pesticides in their foods. In order to check the steady growth of cancer in the country, the Government shall have to give priority to preventive action. At the same time measures to undertake improvement in facilities for the treatment of cancer shall have to be adopted.
Answer
It is a matter of concern that our urban population has become cancer-prone more than the rural population. It is very sad that every tenth person is likely to have cancer. It is due to high level of benzene in the air. It is also due to the high levels of pesticides in the foods. Also highly radio-active waves of the cell-phones etc, have also contributed to this grave danger to human population. To check this menace of cancer, the Government shall have to give top-most priority to preventive actions. More facilities like Diagnostic Centres and Cancer Hospitals need to be created for the treatment of cancer patients.
There is a dire need to contain this deadly disease by taking some urgent steps. First of all, we must ban the wide use of the pesticides. Excessive use of pesticides is really harmful for human health. In the developed countries, much emphasis is being laid on organic manure instead of the fertilizer. So we have to introduce organic manure. Then crop pattern needs to be changed. Besides this, a kind of public awareness programme will have to be undertaken. Public is to be awakened towards the growth of cancer and its easy detection. This would surely help in the containing of this disease at its initial stages. If cancer is detected and treated at the early stages, it can’t be fatal.
Practice
Examples--
3- Study the graph
given below, which is based on a survey done on students of tenth class in
three different types of schools in Ahmedabad. The chart depicts the number of
students speaking English and Hindi. On the basis of the details given in the
bar-graph given below, briefly summarize the data making comparison wherever
necessary in about 80 words.
Hint- Compare the
percentage of students speaking English and Hindi in all three schools giving
the possible reasons.
Begin Like this:-
In a study conducted
on the students of class tenth of three various types of schools- Government
school, private school and a KV, it was observed that
4. As an aware citizen of the
country, you are concerned about the increase in road accidents in the
metropolitan city Delhi. Interpret the data given below in about 80 words. Also
use your own ideas.
Horizontal line (x-axis) – years
Vertical line (y-axis)-No. of accidents
5-Give below is a pie-Chart, which shows different types of
electric gadgets, used by middle-class people in their houses on an average in
Ahmedabad. On the basis and the unit ‘Science’ of your Main course Book; write
in about 80 words the reason of selecting the electric gadgets for their
houses.
Take into consideration the price range, durability, lower
electric consumption & after sales-service.
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